Gäubodenvorlksfest Straubing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A4ubodenvolksfest
Bergkirchweih Erlangen
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergkirchweih
Schützenfest Hannover
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanover_Sch%C3%BCtzenfest
Be aware that these other Volksfeste are not at the same time as the Oktoberfest. Only the Cannstatter Wasen is held around the same time and by train, it takes about 2.5 hours from Munich to Stuttgart / Bad Cannstatt.
The Wasen is a bit smaller and less touristy and the entertainment in the tents is less traditional than at the Oktoberfest in Munich.
https://www.cannstatter-volksfest.de/en/landing-page/
It is possible to do this at the same time as the big Munich one if you plan well. We went for one day in 2019 and I am glad we did it once but I do not need to go back.
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